KERTAS
PENERANGAN
(INFORMATION SHEET)
|
KOD DAN NAMA
PROGRAM /
PROGRAM’S CODE &
NAME
|
TP-300-5
: AUTOMOTIVE – AFTER SALES SERVICE MANAGER
|
||
|
TAHAP / LEVEL
|
5
|
SEMESTER
|
7
|
|
NO DAN TAJUK UNIT KOMPETENSI /
COMPETENCY UNIT NO.AND TITLE
|
01.08
ENFORCE COMPLIANCE OF COMPANY RULES
AND REGULATIONS
01.09
ENFORCE COMPLIANCE OF STATUTORY AND
REGULATORY BODY REQUIREMENTS
|
||
|
KOD DAN NAMA SUBJEK/SUBJECT CODE AND NAME
|
DAM 5712 RULES AND REGULATIONS
ADMINISTRATIONS 3
|
||
|
NO. DAN PENYATAAN AKTIVITI KERJA / WORK ACTIVITIES NO. AND STATEMENT
|
Enforced rules and regulations using company rules and regulation booklet , company policy ,
organisation chart , management information system , company’s standard
operating procedure , information from statutory and regulatory bodies
, management information systemso that
company rules, regulator bodies rules, requirement, relevant acts, regulation
and regulations enforcement identified, imposed, extracted and analyzed in
accordance with company’s Standard Operating Procedure (SOP).
|
||
|
KOD WIM
|
TP-300-5/M01/KP01
|
||
TITLE :
SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT (OSHA)
OBJECTIVE :
This
information sheet will provide information pertaining to Policies, Regulations,
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA). It will help the student understand
the purpose of Policies, Regulations, Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
and method of implication of Safety and Health Act and Regulation requirement.
INFORMATION
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT
(OSHA)
1.
Section Related In OSHA Which Cover In The Information Sheet Are As
Follow:
Section 15.
General Duties of Employers and Self-employed
Persons to Their Employees.
( 1 ) It shall be the duty of every employer and
every self-employed person to ensure, so far as is practicable, the safety,
health and welfare at work of all his employees
( 2 ) Without prejudice to the generality of
subsection ( 1 ), the matters to which the duty extends include in particular –
(a)
the provision and maintenance of plant and
systems of work that are, so far as is practicable, safe and without risks to
health;
(b)
the making of arrangements for ensuring, so
far as is practicable, safety and absence of risks to health in connection with
the use or operation, handling, storage and transport of plant and substances;
(c)
the provision of such information,
instruction, training and supervision as is necessary to ensure, so far as is
practicable, the safety and health at work of his employees;
(d)
so far as is practicable, as regards any place
of work under the control of the employer or self-employed person, the
maintenance of it in a condition that is safe and without risks to health and
the provision and maintenance of the means of access to and egress from it that
are safe and without such risks;
(e)
the provision and maintenance of a working
environment for his employees that is, so far as is practicable, safe, without
risks to health, and adequate as regards facilities for their welfare at work.
( 3 ) For
the purposes of subsections ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) –
(a)
“employee” includes an independent contractor
engaged by an employer or a self-employed person and any employee of the
independent contractor; and
(b)
the duties of an employer or a self-employed
person under subsections ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) extend to such an independent
contractor and the independent contractor’s employees in relation to matters
over which the employer or self-employed person –
( i ) has
control; or
( ii ) would
have had control but for any agreement between the employer or self-employed
person and the independent contractor to the contrary.
Section 16.
Duty to
Formulate Safety And Health policy
Except in such cases as may be prescribed, it shell
be the duty of every employer and every self-employed person to prepare and as
often as may be appropriate revise a written statement of his general policy
with respect to the safety and health at work of his employees and organisation
and arrangement for the time being in force for carrying out that policy, and
to bring the statement and any revision of it to the notice of all his
employees.
Section 17.
General Duties of
Employers and Self-employed Persons to Persons Other Than Their Employees.
( 1 ) It shall be the duty of every employer and
every self-employed person to conduct his undertaking in such a manner as to
ensure, so far as is practicable, that he and other persons not being his
employees, who may be affected thereby are not hereby exposed to risks to their
safety or health.
( 2 ) It shall be the duty of every employer and
every self-employed person, in the prescribed circumstances and in the
prescribed manner, to give to persons, not being his employees, who may be
affected by the manner in which he conducts his undertaking, the prescribed
information on such aspects of the manner in which he conducts his undertaking
as might affect their safety or health.
Section 18.
Duties of An Occupier of A Place
( 1 ) An occupier of non-domestic premises which
has been made available to persons, not being his employees, as a place of
work, or as a place where they may use a plant or substance provided for their
use there, shall take such measures as are practicable to ensure that the
premises, all means of access thereto and egress there from available for use
by persons using the premises, and any plant or substance in the premises or
provided for use there, is or are safe and without risks to health.
( 2 ) A person who has, by virtue of a contract or
lease or otherwise, an obligation of any extent in relation to –
(a)
the maintenance or repair of a place of work
or any means of access thereto or egress there from; or
(b)
the prevention of risks to safety and health
that may arise from the use of any plant or substance in the place of work,
shall for the purpose of subsection ( 1 ) be
deemed to have control of the matters to which his obligation extends.
Section 19.
Penalty for on offence under section 15, 16, 17, or 18.
A person who
contravenes the provisions of section 15, 16, 17, or 18 shall be guilty of an
offence and shell, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding fifty
thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two year or to
both.
Section 24.
General Duties of Employees at Work
( 1 ) It shall be the duty of every employee while at work –
(a)
to take reasonable care for the safety and
health of himself and of other persons who may be affected by his acts of
omissions at work;
(b)
to co-operate with
his employer or any other person in the discharge of any duty or requirement
imposed on the employer or that other person by this Act or any regulation made
there under;
(c)
to wear or use at
all times any protective equipment or clothing provided by the employer for the
purpose of preventing risks to his safety and health; and
(d)
to comply with any
instruction or measure on occupational safety and health instituted by his
employer or any other person by or under this Act or any regulation made there
under.
( 2 ) A person who contravenes
the provisions of this section shall be guilty of an offence and shall, on
conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding one thousand ringgit or to
imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months or to both.
Regulation
Occupational
Safety And Health (Employers’ Safety And Health General Policy Statements)
(Exception) Regulations 1995
In
exercise of the powers conferred by sections 16 and 66 of the Occupational
Safety and Health Act 1994, the Minister makes the following regulations:
1.
Citation and
commencement
These
regulations may be cited as the Occupational safety and health (Employers’
Safety and Health General Policy Statements) (Exception) Regulations 1995
and shall be deemed to have come into force on the 25th February
1994.
2.
Exception.
Section
16 of the Act shall apply to every employer and every self-employed person
except those who carry on an undertaking with not more than five employees.
Made the
22nd February 1995
Dato’ Lim Ah
Lek
Minister
of human Resources
Section 30
Establishment Of
Safety And Health Committee At Place Of Work
( 1 ) Every employer shall establish a safety and
health committee at the place of work in accordance with this section if :-
( a ) there are forty or more persons employed
at the place of work; or
( b ) the Director General directs the
establishment of such a committee at the place of work.
( 2 ) The composition of safety
and health committee established under subsection ( 1 ), the election or
appointment of persons to the committee, the power of the member s of the
committee and any other matter relating to the establishment or procedure of
the committee shall be as prescribed.
( 3 ) Every employer shall consult the safety and
health committee with a view to the making and maintenance of arrangement which
will enable him and his employees to co-operate effectively in promoting and
developing measures to ensure the safety and health at the place of work of the
employees, and in checking the effectiveness of such measures.
( 4 ) A person who contravenes
the provisions of this section shall be guilty of an offence and shall, on
conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding five thousand ringgit or to imprisonment
for a term not exceeding six months or to both.
Section 31
Function Of Safety
And Health Committee
The safety and
health committee establish at a place of work pursuant to section 30:-
( a ) shall keep under review the
measures taken to ensure the safety and health of persons at the place of work;
( b ) shall investigate any
matter at the place of work :-
( i ) which a member of the
committee or a person employed there at is not safe or is a risk to health ;
and
( ii ) which has been brought
to be the attention of the employer;
( c ) shall attempt to resolve
any matter referred to in paragraph (b)
and, if it is unable to do so, shall request the Director General to undertake
an inspection of the place of work for that purpose; and
( d ) shall have such other
functions as may be prescribed.
- Establishment
Of Safety And Health Committees
2.1 The Law requires every employer to establish
a Safety and Health Committee at the place of work where forty (40) or more persons
are employed.
a.
Formation of the Safety and Health Committee
with Management / Employees / Union representatives.
b.
Elected appointments of persons to the
committee.
-
Main committee
-
Sub-Committee, i.e. plant and non-plant.
c.
Powers of the members of the committee.
d.
Procedures for the committee.
e.
Terms of reference for the committee.
f.
Employer’s focal point on all safety and
health matters in promoting and developing measures to ensure the safety and
health at the place of work.
2.2 Function
a.
The committee
shall keep under review the measures taken to ensure the safety and health of
persons at the place of work.
b.
To investigate any matter at the place of
work:
i)
When a member of the Committee
or a person employed thereat considers
is not safe or is a risk to health.
ii)
Which has been brought to the attention of
the employer.
iii)
Shall attempt to resolve any matter referred
to the employer.
iv)
To request the Director General of
Occupational Safety and Health Department to undertake an inspection of the
place of work.
v)
Shall have such other functions as may be
prescribed.
2.3 Safety Committee
The Safety Committee comprising the following
order would be most effectual and ideal situation
Chairman - The Manager Director
Deputy Chairman - A
Deputy Chairman should be appointed to take
over
when the Chairman finds it impossible to
attend a meeting.
Secretary - Safety Adviser / Safety Officer – The
person who
exercises the Safety
functions in the organsiation.
Members - Plant Manager
(
Supervisor ) - Maintenance Manager / Work Manager
- HR Manager
- Training Manager
- Materials Manager
- Quality Controller
- Security Manager
- Safety
Representatives – Line Functions
- Union
Representatives, etc.
Committee should not be too large; about fifteen
members is a desirable maximum. The larger the committee the more difficult it
is to get full attendance. The participation of Supervisors is very important.
They are the key personnel as regards to safety as well as production and their
active co-operation is therefore essential. It is a must that the Supervisor is
kept continuously in touch with the Committee work.
2.4 Safety
Committee’s Functions, Authority And Duties
Taking the
long view of their broad objectives the committee should lay down a set of
tasks which will lead to their achievement. The list must be realistic, bearing
in maid that committee member have full-time jobs to do. It must be long-term,
taking into account the fact that day to day safety matters are dealt with by
management, the safety adviser and the safety representatives. And it must be
within the resources of the committee and the capabilities of its individual members.
2.5 Specific
Functions
The safety
committee should be involved in every possible way in developing the means of
bringing employees more into Occupational Safety and Health issues. It should
be involved in, for instance :
1.
Making the contents of the safety policy and
the extent to which the policy is being applied known to all the employees;
2.
The development of work safety rules and
safety systems of work.
3.
Publishing agreement and rules for the
provision and wearing of protective clothing and equipment.
4.
Studying reports and considering publishing
their contents.
5.
Review of all lost time accident and appraise
Safety and Health aspects of plant operations based on accident reports and
statistics.
6.
To provide directions in safety aspects with
respect to plants operation e.g. broad guidelines on safety policies.
7.
To create, and maintain safety consciousness
among employees.
8.
To supervise the functioning of safety
Operations Committee by reviewing minutes and provide guidance.
- Frequency
Of Meeting
The frequency of meetings will depend on the
work which the committee has to do and this in turn depends on the
circumstances of the individual establishment, the size of the size of the
workforce, the kind of work and the degree of inherent risk.
Too frequent meeting will waste time on
matters already discussed because there has been insufficient time between
meetings to take the necessary action. Moreover, busy people find it difficult
to attend meeting too often, problem which can result in disruption of their
work or insufficient number to form a quorum, so that decisions have to be
postponed.
On the other hand, if meeting are spaced too
far apart the people who have been deputed to take action will find themselves
working in isolation without sufficient guidance from the committee, while the
other committee members will feel remote from the action and tend to lose
touch.
Recommended
timing to convene Safety Committee Meetings at list once in three (3) months.
The Safety
Committee programme should be arranged well in advance and notice of the dates
of meeting published where all employees can see them.
Not less
then a week before the meeting of the Safety Committee, each member should be
sent a copy of the agenda, drawn up by the Committee Secretary.
3.0 Safe
System of Work
A safe
system of work is a formal procedure which results from systematic examination
of a task in order to identify all the hazards. It defines safe methods to
ensure that hazards are eliminated or risks minimised.
3.1 When
Is A Safe System Needed?
Many
hazards are clearly recognisable and can be overcome by physically separating
people from them, e.g. by using guarding on machinery.
A safe
system of work is needed when hazards cannot be physically eliminated and some
element of risk remains. You should apply these principles to routine work as
well as to more special cases such as:
·
Cleaning and maintaining operations
·
Making changes to work layouts, materials
used or working methods
·
Employees working away from base or working
alone
·
Breakdowns or emergencies
·
Controlling activities of contractors on your
premises
·
Loading, unloading and movements or vehicles
3.2 Assessing
The Task
Assess all
aspects of the task and the risks which it presents. Hazards to health as well
as to safety should be considered.
Take
account of :
·
what is used, e.g. the plant, the substances,
potential failures of machinery, toxic hazards, electrical hazards, design
limits, risk of inadvertently operating automatic controls.
·
Who does what, e.g. delegation, training,
foreseeable human errors, short cuts, ability to cope in an emergency.
·
Where the task is carried out, e.g. hazards
in the workplace, problems caused by weather conditions or lighting, hazards
from adjacent processes or contractors, etc.
·
How the task is done, e.g. the procedures,
potential failures in work methods, lack of foresight of infrequent events.
3.3 Identifying
The Hazards
When
you have assessed a task, you should sport its hazards and weigh up the risks.
Where
possible you should eliminate the hazards and reduce the risks before you rely
upon a safe system of work.
3.4 Defining
Safe Methods
Your safe
system of work may be defined orally, by simple written procedure or in
exceptional cases by a formal permit to work scheme.
·
Consider the preparation and authorisation
needed at the start of the job.
·
Ensure clear planning of job sequences.
·
Specify safe work methods.
·
Include means of access and escape if
relevant.
·
Consider the tasks of dismantling, disposal
etc at the end of a job.
Involve
the people who will be doing the work. Their practical knowledge of problems
can help avoid unusual risks and prevent false assumptions being made at this
stage.
In those
special cases where a permit to work system is needed, there should be a
properly documented procedure. It is important that everyone understands which
jobs need a formal permit to work. Permits to work should:
1.
define the work to be done;
2.
say how to make the work area safe;
3.
identify any remaining hazards and the
precautions to be taken;
4.
describe checks to be carried out before
normal work can be resumed; and
5.
Name the person responsible for controlling
the job.
Jobs
likely to need a permit to work system include:
·
working in confined spaces
·
hot work on plant containing flammable dusts,
gases or residues of these
·
cutting into pipe work containing hazardous
substances
·
work on electrical equipment
3.5 Implementing
The System
Your safe
system of work must be communicated properly, understood by employees and
applied correctly. They should be aware of your commitment to reduce accidents
by using safety systems of work.
Ensure that
supervisors know that they should implement and maintain those systems of work
and that employees, supervisors and managers are all trained in the necessary
skills are fully aware of potential risks and the precautions they need to
adopt.
Stress the
need to avoid short cuts. It should be part of a system of work to stop work
when faced with an unexpected problem until a safe solution can be found.
3.6 Monitoring
The System
Monitoring
means periodically checking:
·
that employees continue to find the system
workable;
·
that the procedures laid down in your system
of work are being carried out and are effective; and
·
that any changes in circumstances which
require alterations to the system of work are taken into account.
FIVE STEPS TO A SAFE
SYSTEM OF WORK
ASSESS THE TASK
IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS
DEFINE SAFE METHODS
IMPLEMENT THE SYSTEM
MONITOR THE SYSTEM
4. Good
Housekeeping
Good
housekeeping is a basic requirement of safe working. Keeping the workplace
clean and tidy depends upon everyone playing a part.
4.1 Action Points
4.1.1
Access
a.
Passageway, work areas, stairways must be
kept clear of litter and obstructions.
b.
Safety signs must be clear and undamaged.
c.
Any damaged or dangerous floors, passageways,
shelves or steps through unclean spillages should be reported at once. They
could be a health, fire tripping or slipping hazard.
d.
During floor cleaning warning notices must be
kept prominently in view; no trailing or unmarked electric leads or cables
across access ways.
4.1.2
Clearing – Up
a.
A workbench is a place to work at, not a
storage bin or personal clock room. Any equipment or materials when not in use
should be put away.
b.
All scrap and waste must be put into the
appropriate bins or sacks and removed daily.
c.
The job is not finished until you have put
the tools always and tided up.
4.1.3
Fire
a.
Fire appliances and escape routes
unobstructed, and fire doors must be kept shut.
b.
Combustibles must be properly stored, not put
on open shelves or benches.
c.
Rubbish must not be left lying about.
4.1.4
Monitoring
Report
to your supervisor any hazard you observe but cannot deal with yourself, or
which may recur.
4.1.5
Conclusion
Eliminate 50% of risks at work by making tidiness a
habit.
5. Understanding Of Safety Signs
6.
Tools And
Equipment
6.1
Different type of tools
Every year
there are many industrial accidents resulting from the use of tools and
equipment. These include manual and power-driven tools.
Many
industrial injuries result from the use of equipment not suited to the
particular purpose. Some examples: adjustable spanners being used instead of ring
or open-ended spanners to tighten nuts; tin snips of pliers with the handles
bent toward each other at the ends; pipe wrenches with worn jaws; hammers with
cracks in the handles, etc.
POINT TO
REMEMBER
·
You can prevent accidents by using the right
tools for the job. They should be of good quality and well maintained. Replace
tools before they wear out.
Impact tools (hammers, chisels, sledge-hammers. etc.) should
be made of iron of the correct hardness.
Burrs, which can fly off and cause injury, should be removed.
Sharp-edged tools (knives,
axes, saws, etc.) should be kept sharp. The risk of injury is greater from
blunt tools than from sharp ones. Tools which are carried around must be
carried in such a way that they cannot cause injury.
Power-driven hand tools involve
greater risks than hand-operated or stationary tools. Guards protecting saw
blades and grinders must never be removed or swivelled out of the way.
6.2
Regular inspection
All tools
and work equipment must be inspected regularly. The supervisor should be
responsible for this continuous inspection. Inspections should be carried out
according to the instructions from the supplier of the equipment. These can
take the form of a check list.
7.
Electricity
And Its Risks
7.1
Accidents involving electricity
Electricity
can cause accident and fires.
Accidents can occur when people touch part of
a unit carrying live current. Even contact with part of a unit which does not
normally carry live current can lead to serious accidents if the insulation
becomes faulty. Where electric arcs are formed, there is a high risk of burning
and damage to eyesight. We usually distinguish between :
o
Accidents due to direct contact with
electricity
o
Accidents caused by the formation of an
electric arc
Electric
current can also cause burns. If the insulation is faulty and there is a
short-circuit, intense heat can develop, leading to the possibility of a
serious fire.
Accident
involving electricity are often caused by failing to ensure that the safety
system is working or by failing to follow the established safety rules.
All
electric installations should be serviced only by qualified electricians.
POINT TO
REMEMBER
·
If an accident is caused by contact with
electricity, switch off the current immediately! Failure to do so can result in
death!
Electricity can kill and should be dealt with by electricians; do not
attempt to deal with power cable problems!
The risk of accidents is
much greater when using portable motors or instruments. The insulating material
used on such appliances is often subjected to heavy wear. Wires and cables are
easily damaged, which can lead to short circuiting.
Should
short circuiting occur in or near a container with a highly explosive mixture
of gas and air, the results could be very dangerous.
Using
spirits to clean an electric motor, and then starting it up immediately after
cleaning can also cause an explosion or fire.
A common
cause of fatal accidents is the attachment of electric cable to gas tubes.
Wires and
cables should not be hung over structural elements such as nails or other metal
hooks, as these can wear through the insulating cover around the wire and
cables.
Dragging
and coiling cable and wires can also damage the insulating covering.
7.2
Hand lamps
Hand lamps
are among the most dangerous portable appliances in any workplace. Wherever
possible, their use should be limited and they should be replaced by permanent
lamps.
Where they
must be used, it is important that the lamps used are of an approved design and
that they are of the best quality. An electric hand lamp should have a framework
and a hand grip made of insulating material, and have a protective basket
around the bulb.
Hand lamps
easily become worn and should be checked regularly to ensure that they are
safe.
8.
Chemical
Risks To Health
8.1 Inspection and control of chemicals
The
inspection, control and handling of chemicals must be on-going in order to
protect workers from injury.
We must
increase our knowledge of the chemical risks in the workplace, in particular
with regard to the possible long-term effects of chemicals. Many current cases
of occupational cancer have their origins in working environments two or more
decades ago.
This
section will look at how different chemicals and different methods of handling
them can affect us, and examine what measures should be taken to ensure
effective protection.
8.2
Chemicals and their risks
We are exposed to chemicals in different
ways, for example:
Our body
has a considerable capacity to purify dangerous substances. It is primarily the
liver and kidneys which do this work, but if the body is exposed to a chemical
over a long period of time our defences can no longer render it harmless. The
substance is then stored in the body and can cause various medical problems.
Lead and cadmium are examples. It takes a long time for the body to brake down
lead and, in the case of cadmium, there is no breakdown at all.
8.3 Liquids and vapours
8.3.1 Solvents
One of the most common risks to health in
working life is caused by vapours and splashes from solvents. Solvents have the
ability to dissolve other substances, particularly greases and fats.
Furthermore, they evaporate rapidly.
When a solvent evaporates, the vapour becomes
part of the air that we inhale. It then travels through the blood to the
internal organs, e.g. the brain and liver. Because solvents can dissolve
substances they can also affect mucous membranes and the skin. Some solvents
can even be absorbed through the skin, though the majority are inhaled.
The greater a solvent’s ability to dissolve
greases or fats, the greater the effect it will have on the central nervous
system.
Dizziness, headaches, tiredness, reduced
comprehension and prolonged reaction times are some of the symptoms of short exposure
to solvents. Although these effects may disappear quickly they increase the
risk of accidents.
For a long time it has been known that
solvents which are absorbed and stored in the body have the same effects as an
anaesthetic. In fact many solvents were previously used as anaesthetics,
intoxicating people and putting them to sleep. In extreme cases the effect of
the anaesthetic is loss of consciousness and death. Some of them have a very
low viscosity, and the concentration in the work premises can easily rise to
very high level if the solvent is not handle properly.
Vapours from solvents containing chlorine can
produce phosgene and hydrogen chloride when they come into contact with hot
objects.
Point To Remember!
·
The ability of a solvent to cause injury
includes the following factors:
·
the viscosity of the solvent:
low-viscosity solvents spread more rapidly
in enclosed areas
·
the concentration in the air : the
amount of solvent in the atmosphere can be checked by using measuring devices
·
exposure
time:
the longer the exposure
time, the greater the risks of injurious effects
8.3.2 Acids
and alkalis
Acids and alkalis are corrosive substances
which can damage the skin and eyes on contact.
A corrosive mist can from above acids and
damage the respiratory tract and lungs. Especially dangerous acids include
hydrochloric, sulphuric, chromic and nitric acids.
Contact with the skin can cause serious burns
unless large amounts of water are used to rinse the substance off.
QUESTIONS
1. Section 16. duty to formulate Safety and Health Policy shall
apply to every employer and self employed person except those who carry on an
undertaking with
2. Every
employer shall establish a safety and health committee at the place of work in
accordance with section 30 if :-
3. What is the Function of safety
and health committee ?
4. Where are Proper place to
exhibit Safety Signage?
5. When acids or other strong
liquids are used in any manufacturing process or cleaning what instructions are
given to the workers?
REFERENCES:
1.
Factory and Machinery Act 1967
(Act 139)
2.
Occupational Safety and Health
Act 1994 (Act 514)
3.
Safety at Work, Compiled and
Edited by Badrie Abdullah, Published by Aliran Pusak Sdn Bhd
4.
Safety – Health and Working
Conditions – Training Manual ISBN 91-7522-115-2
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